Cam morphology and the development of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome and hip osteoarthritis

Key Points

1. Cam morphology can lead to femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome, a symptomatic, motion-related condition linked to hip osteoarthritis development.

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BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE

Hip morphology is as an important factor in the development of hip pain and osteoarthritis (OA). Cam morphology is one of the most common hip morphologies, characterized by a bony prominence around the femoral head–neck junction of the hip that alters the normal shape of the femoral head.

Cam morphology can contribute to intra-articular joint damage by generating abnormal contact stresses at this junction, initiating femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome and eventually leading to hip OA. This review article summarises advance in the understanding of cam morphology and FAI syndrome, including diagnostic approaches, clinical assessment and treatment.

Cam morphology is one of the most common hip morphologies, characterized by a bony prominence around the femoral head–neck junction of the hip that alters the normal shape of the femoral head.

Both a targeted strengthening and a standardized stretching interventions were able to improve hip-related quality of life, with improvements exceeding the minimal clinically important change.

METHODS

This review was part of the Nature Reviews Rheumatology series, in which expert clinicians and researchers present authoritative, evidence-based, and up-to-date information on relevant topics in the field of rheumatology.

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