Dynamic field assessment of hip adductor function using a smartphone-based Copenhagen test: reliability and concurrent associations with isometric strength in amateur football players

Key Points

1. A smartphone attached to the lower back during Copenhagen Adduction Exercises demonstrated moderate-to-good reliability for assessing dynamic hip adductor performance in amateur male football players.

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BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE

Hip adductor weakness and side-to-side imbalances are well-established risk factors for groin injuries in football and other field-based sport. Adductor strength assessment is a component of injury risk mitigation and rehabilitation programs. Historically, practitioners have used tools like handheld dynamometry or fixed frame dynamometry to assess adductor strength (“established or traditional hip adductor assessment”. The Copenhagen Adduction Exercise (CAE) is a widely adopted and well-studied exercise targeting the adductor muscle group.

The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of a smartphone-based Copenhagen adductor field test and its associations with established isometric hip adductor strength assessments.

Hip adductor weakness and side-to-side imbalances are well-established risk factors for groin injuries in football and other field-based sport.

A change in peak velocity during the Copenhagen Adduction Exercise could identify improvements or declines in adductor function during rehabilitation or injury risk reduction programs.

METHODS

• 20 amateur male football players (mean age 21) were recruited with 18 completing the study. Participants were excluded if they had a lower limb joint injury during the past six months, a lower limb muscle injury during the past three

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