Are maximal power and maximal aerobic capacity in older and very old adults dependent on their level of physical activity?

Review written by Dr Mariana Wingood info

Key Points

  1. Both maximal muscle power (Pmax) and maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) experience significant age-related decline, especially after age 80.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

Maximal muscle power (Pmax) and aerobic capacity (VO2max) both decline significantly with age, a process that is especially pronounced after age 80 (1). While VO2max is mainly limited by the heart’s capacity and can be better preserved with chronic aerobic exercise, Pmax is more affected by losses in muscle force than velocity, and benefits most from resistance training (2). However, it is still unclear whether habitual physical activity in very old adults is sufficient to counteract declines in both Pmax and VO2max, as few studies have focused on this age group.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of age and PA level on Pmax and VO2max, especially in very old adults.

Maximal muscle power and aerobic capacity both decline significantly with age, a process that is especially pronounced after age 80.
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Exercise prescription should match the patient’s goal - power exercises for improving lower extremity power, and aerobic activities for increasing VO₂ max.

METHODS

Design: Part of a larger examination that included three visits to provide a comprehensive assessment of physical abilities.

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