Biomechanical and neuromuscular performance requirements of horizontal deceleration: a review with implications for random intermittent multi‑directional sports

Key Points

1. Horizontal decelerations require braking forces quickly to enable reductions in momentum. It requires a coordinated sequence of leg movements and postural adjustments. It has high impact peaks and loading rates.

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BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE

High-intensity decelerations occur more frequently than similarly intense accelerations in multi-directional sports. They impose a large braking impulse with predominant eccentric muscle action to absorb force. This generates higher mechanical forces and a ground reaction force (GRF) with a higher impact peak force and loading rate. They impose ~41% greater mechanical load per meter than similarly intense accelerations. They are a strong contributor to muscle damage and non-contact ACL injury.

The aims of this article were: (1) conduct an evidence-based review of the biomechanical demands of horizontal deceleration and (2) identify currently known biomechanical and neuromuscular performance (NMP) determinants.

High-intensity decelerations impose ~41% greater mechanical load per meter than similarly intense accelerations.

Training interventions that can enhance reactive and eccentric strength are important considerations for enhancing horizontal deceleration.

METHODS

• Articles were retrieved from PubMed and MEDLINE databases, Google Scholar and bibliographic searches of relevant articles.

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